南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）

构建成年人轻微犯罪记录封存制度是平衡惩罚犯罪与保障人权以及实现犯罪者复归社会之需要。未成年人犯罪记录封存制度为构建成年人轻微犯罪记录封存制度提供经验和理念铺垫，司法系统的数智化赋能为构建成年人轻微犯罪记录封存制度提供技术支撑。该制度应以维护社会安全为前提，同时最大限度实现犯罪者复归社会为价值目标。其构建需从实体性制度和程序性制度两个维度进行体系化设计。在实体性制度层面，需要限定封存适用的案件范围、扩大封存的记录范围、明确解除封存的条件。在程序性制度层面，需要通过准备程序化解审判公开原则对犯罪记录封存效果的不利影响，构建封存前的考察机制，明确考察主体、决定主体和执行主体等责任主体，确立依职权封存与依申请封存并行的二元化启动方式。建议在《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第四次修改时，考虑将成年人轻微犯罪记录封存制度纳入其中。

The establishment of an adult minor criminal record sealing system aims to balance punishing crime with protecting human rights, while meeting the need to facilitate offenders' reintegration into society. The juvenile criminal record sealing system provides both practical experience and a conceptual foundation for establishing an adult minor criminal record sealing system. Furthermore, the digital and intelligent empowerment of the judicial system offers the technical support needed for constructing the adult minor criminal record sealing system.This system should prioritize maintaining social security while maximizing the promotion of offenders' social reintegration as its core value objective. Its construction requires systematic design across two dimensions: substantive institutions and procedural institutions.At the substantive level, it is necessary to define the scope of cases eligible for sealing, expand the range of records that can be sealed, and specify the conditions for de-sealing.At the procedural level, measures should include: using preemptive procedures to mitigate the negative impact of the principle of open trials on sealing effectiveness; establishing a pre-sealing assessment mechanism; clarifying responsible entities such as the assessing body, decision-making body, and implementing body; and establishing a dual-track initiation method where ex officio sealing and application-based sealing proceed in parallel.It is recommended that the adult minor criminal record sealing system be considered for inclusion during the Fourth Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China.